|
(4) 1906:
Repression and
Terror
Czarist violence.Baltic.
==Jan.01 > Commenting on the
Baltic revolt,
the Czar writes: “Terror must be met with terror.”
Labor.Far
Left.
==Jan.01 > The remnants of the
St. Petersburg
Soviet call off their general strike
Military.
==Jan.03 > Witte urges that army
be re-organized
to enable it to crush national unrest
Czarist violence.Peasants.
==Jan.03 > The sadistic Lt.
General Meller-Zakomelsky
leads a punitive expedition eastwards from Moscow along the
Trans-Siberian
Railroad
Czarist violence.Labor
Unrest.
==Jan.04-06 > Troops in Tiflis
riot and
use artillery against insurgent workers - the government pacifies the
city
by mid-Jan
Far Right.Czarist
Regime.
==Jan.05 > The Czar officially
receives
a delegation from the anti-Semitic URP
Socialist Revolutionaries.
==Jan.05 > The young radical
dilettante
Kerensky is arrested in St. Petersburg for possessing SR literature,
and
is imprisoned until April
Czarist violence.Ethnic.Baltic.
==early.Jan > ~Extremely brutal
government
punitive expeditions are launched in the Baltic region - 1,170
residents
are killed by early Jun
Labor.Czarist
Regime.
==early.Jan > Gapon, the former
hero of
organized labor, secretly agrees to become a police informant
Czarist Regime.
==Jan.11 > In an interview, Witte
claims
that the Czar has the right to annul the October Manifesto
Socialist Revolutionaries.
==Jan.11-17 > The first formal SR
party
congress is held at Imatra in Finland: it declares itself “a detachment
of the international socialism army” and it endorses a renewed terror
campaign
against officials, but it is ignored when it urges peasants to boycott
the election
Far Right.Peasants.
==mid.Jan > The Congress of
Marshals of
the Nobility endorses moderate reform but backs tough government
measures
against disorder, and calls for the abolition of peasant communes
Moderates.Czarist
Regime.
==Jan.21-22 > The leadership of
the moderate-conservative
Octobrist Party very nearly breaks with Premier Witte over the
government’s
repressive policies
Bolsheviks.Mensheviks.
==Jan.21 > The young Menshevik
Andrei
Vyshinsky is arrested in Baku for organizing a rail strike - ~he is
soon
involved in the assassinations of police agents
Czarist Regime.Far
Left.Peasant Unrest.
==Jan.23 > Witte reports to the
Czar that
revolutionary forces have been greatly weakened by government
crackdowns
and that urban revolts have been suppressed, although the rural
situation
is still dangerous
Czarist violence.Peasants.
==Jan.23 > A proposal is
presented to
the cabinet to allow the army to use the most extreme measures against
rural unrest - ~it is quickly adopted, despite protests from War
Minister
Rediger
Czarist Regime.
==Jan.25 > The Czar writes:
“Thank God,
the situation in general has grown much calmer.”
European Relations.
==Jan.27 > The French Ambassador
to St.
Petersburg doubts that Russia is capable of defeating even Austria
Liberals.
==Jan.29 > The Fourth Congress of
the
Union of Unions calls for an election boycott, angering many of its
members
- ~the liberal Union of Unions looses influence
Left-wing violence.Socialist
Revolutionaries.Mensheviks.
The beginning of the flood of political assassinations:
==Jan.29 > The Vice-Governor of
Tambov
is assassinated in a train station by SR member Spiridonova - ~a
great
wave of assassinations is underway in Russia
==Jan.30 > Tiflis Military
Governor Gryazhov
is assassinated by the Mensheviks
==Jan.--- > The municipal police
in Riga
have lost a quarter of their members to terrorist attacks in two years
==Feb.04 > A SR assassin wounds
Admiral
Chukhnin, the Black Sea Fleet commander
Liberals.
==Jan.31-Feb.06 > The Second
Kadet Party
Congress endorses a program of liberal reform, but shows signs of
drifting
to the right (or Jan.18-Jan.24)
Religion.
==Jan.--- > A ‘Pre-sobor’ Church
Congress
fails to implement reform
Czarist violence.Mensheviks.Caucasus.
==Jan.--- (OS)
> A
punitive expedition breaks the power of the Georgian Mensheviks, with
great
brutality
Ethnic.Central
Asia.
==Jan.--- > The Second Russian
Moslem
Congress is held
Ethnic.Siberia.
==Jan.--- > Yakut tribesmen hold
a Congress
in Far Siberia and demand autonomy
Business.Labor.
==early.1906 > Industrialists are
cracking
down on labor unions
Socialist Revolutionaries.Maximalists.
==early.1906 > The ultra-extreme
Maximalist
faction splits from the SR
Anarchists.
==early.1906 to 1907 > ~Many
Russian anarchist
groups are degenerating into banditry
Military.
==winter > Military leaders who
surrendered
to the Japanese are court martialed - Rozhdestvenski and Smirnov are
acquitted;
Nebogatov and Stoessel are sentenced to death, and serve long prison
terms
Czarist Regime.
==Feb.06 > After reading a report
of 36
Jews killed in a pogrom in Gomel, the Czar writes in the margin: “What
have I to do with this?”
Left-wing violence.Bolsheviks.
==Feb.09 > The Bolsheviks bomb a
St. Petersburg
tavern frequented by right-wing URP members, and shoot the victims as
they
try to flee
Czarist violence.Peasants.
==Feb.13 > Siberia has been fully
pacified
by punitive expeditions, after many executions and arrests
Peasants.Czarist
Regime.
==Feb.14 > Governors are
authorized to
exile suspect peasants
Economy.Czarist
Regime.
==mid.Feb > The government is
unsure whether
it can meet its payroll - ~the large surpluses of two years earlier
have
eroded into massive deficits, creating a financial crisis
Czarist Regime.
==mid.Feb > The government partly
lifts
restrictions imposed on Moscow in the December revolt
Moderates.
==Feb.21 > The First Octobrist
Congress
opens - deep divisions within the new party, increasing conservative
influence
Czarist Regime.
==Feb.25 > Witte complains to the
Czar
that local authorities are making excessive use of martial law
==Feb.27-Mar.01 > The government
discusses
transforming the advisory State Council into a conservative legislative
body
Liberals.Czarist
Regime.
==Feb.--- (OS)
> Conservative
Interior Minister Durnovo renews his request for a purge of
‘unreliable’
civil servants - ~sweeping dismissals of liberal officials, causing
widespread
disruptions of public services
Liberals.Press.Duma.
==Feb.--- (OS) > The Kadet
daily
newspaper Rech begins publication - ~the liberal Kadets launch
a
vigorous campaign for the 1st Duma
Labor.
==Feb.--- > The All-Russia Trade
Union
Conference meets in Moscow: the nation’s first legally permitted trade
union conference
Religion.
==Feb.--- > The Holy Synod exiles
the
reactionary Abbot Arseni for urging attacks on Jews and proclaiming
anathema
on the intelligentsia
Czarist Regime.
==Mar.01 > The Czar tells a
monarchist
delegation “The autocracy will remain as it was formerly.”
Duma.Czarist
Regime.
==Mar.05 > An Imperial Manifesto
is issued
on the Duma’s legal structure, restricting its powers and linking it
with
the government-dominated State Council - the liberal Kadets are
outraged
Radicalized Military.
==Mar.06 > The naval mutineer Lt.
Schmidt
is executed near Sebastopol
Jews.Czarist
Regime.
==Mar.09 > The Council of
Ministers orders
provincial officials to prevent anti-Semitic pogroms - the order is
widely
ignored
Duma.
==mid.Mar to late.Apr > The first
Duma
elections are held, continuing until July in some areas: the first
national
elections in Russian history - ~the government is at first confident of
a conservative victory
Labor.Czarist
Regime.
==Mar.17 (Mar.04.OS) >
Weak labor
reform: workers are granted a partial right to form unions… but not to
strike - the rights of assembly and association are granted… subject to
government approval - the Czarist regime is hedging on its pledges
to
establish civil liberties
Peasants.Czarist
Regime.
==Mar.17 > A land organization
commission
is established
Radicalized Military.
==Mar.18 > General Kholschevnikov
is charged
with actively aiding revolutionaries in the Trans-Baikal region in late
1905 - the government is shocked
Czarist Regime.
==Mar.18 > The Council of
Ministers urges
rescinding martial law wherever possible - the recommendation is
ignored
Duma.Czarist
Regime.
==Mar.21 > The government denies
the Duma
any control over the military and court budgets
Duma.Liberals.
==late.Mar > It is becoming
obvious that
the Kadets and the left opposition are sweeping the Duma election
Czarist Regime.
==late.Mar > Evidently in deep
depression,
Witte prepares to resign as Premier
Peasants.
==late.Mar > Famine strikes the
Volga
Basin
Left-wing violence.
Rising left-wing violence:
==Mar.30 > A SR group
‘expropriates’ 800,000
rubles from the Merchant Bank of Moscow
==Apr.02 > SR Maximalists rob the
Moscow
Society for Mutual Aid of 800,000 rubles
==Apr.04 > SR police informer
Tatarov
is assassinated in Warsaw
==Apr.07 > The SR blow up the
Governor
of Tver
==Apr.10 > Gapon, the former
labor leader
turned police informer, is lynched in an isolated Finnish cottage by
order
of SR terrorist leader/police agent Azef
==spring > The Anarchist Workers’
Conspiracy
is committing terrorist acts against employers
==spring to fall > An intense
terrorist
campaign is underway in Latvia
==May.06 > Governor-general of
Moscow
Dubasov is seriously wounded by SR assassins - on the same day,
the
Governor-general of Ekaterinoslav is assassinated
==May.14 > Terrorists kill the
Commander
of the Port of St. Petersburg K. Kuzmich
Press.Czarist
Regime.
==Mar.31 > New laws increase the
government’s
control of the press - ~a crackdown on the freedom of the press is
underway
Labor.Bolsheviks.
==Mar.--- > ~Severe unemployment
in Russia
- a ‘Soviet of the Unemployed’ is established in St. Petersburg,
dominated
by the Bolsheviks
Radicalized Military.
==Mar.--- (OS)
> A
secret ‘Union of Russian Army Officers’ is established to further
liberalism
Peasants.Siberia.
==Mar.--- > The government
proclaims freedom
of internal colonization - ~a great wave of peasant migration to
Siberia
is underway through 1909
Czarist Regime.
==Mar.--- > Landowners oust the
progressive
Agriculture Minister Kutler
Ethnic.Ukraine.
==Mar.--- > The ban on the
Ukrainian language
is lifted
European Relations.Economy.
==Apr.16 > A French-dominated
banking
consortium signs the largest foreign loan ever made to Russia,
strengthening
the government - the radical writer Gorky exclaims "I spit in your
eyes,
beautiful France!"
Duma.Czarist
Regime.
==Apr.20-25 > Crown Council
meetings formulate
the Fundamental Laws, without consulting the Duma
Bolsheviks.Mensheviks.
==Apr.23-May.08 (Apr.10-25.OS)
> The Stockholm RSDRP Congress (aka the 4th Party or ‘Unity’
Congress): the
Mensheviks, the Bolsheviks, and the Jewish Bund nominally reunite, but
actually continue as separate parties - Lenin sets up a secret
Bolshevik
Central Committee, advocates an armed rising and the nationalization of
land - Stalin proposes distributing land to the peasants to
revolutionize
them - the Bolsheviks ignore condemnations of their ‘expropriations’
Duma.Czarist
Regime.
==Apr.24 > A secret draft of the
Fundamental
Laws is leaked to the press
Labor.
==Apr.25 > The St. Petersburg
City Council
meets with the ‘Soviet of the Unemployed’, and pledges aid programs
Czarist Regime.
==Apr.27 > Premier Witte secretly
resigns
in disgust over the oppressive policies of conservative Interior
Minister
Durnovo
Peasant Unrest.
==Apr.30 > The government enacts
tough
but ineffective laws against agricultural strikes
Czarist Regime.
==Apr.--- > Authorities have
arrested
3,300 for political crimes since Oct.1905
Labor.Business.
==Apr.--- > The All-Russian
Manufacturers’
League is established to oppose workers’ demands - ~reviving labor
unrest
to the summer
Jews.
==Apr.--- > Zionists establish
the Seymist
Party
Ethnic.Siberia.
==Apr.--- > Yakut leaders are
arrested
- the Yakut national movement in eastern Siberia collapses
Czarist Regime.
==Apr.--- > The penal colony on
Sakhalin
Island is closed
==spring > Martial law is wholly
or partly
in force in 69% of the provinces and regions
Liberals.Czarist
Regime.
==May.01 > The government ignores
liberal
suggestions to ease the conservative Fundamental Laws
Czarist Regime.
==May.02 > The departing Prime
Minister
Witte tells Kokovtsov “All Russia is one vast madhouse...”
Liberals.
==May.04-08 > The Third Kadet
Party Congress
- the confident liberals call for universal adult suffrage with votes
for
women, reform of labor, agrarian and nationality laws, and full amnesty
for political prisoners
Czarist Regime.
==May.05 (Apr.22.OS) > Prime
Minister Witte’s resignation is made public
Duma.Czarist
Regime.
==May.06-07 (Apr.23-24.OS)
> The
Czar promulgates the conservative Fundamental Laws, undercutting the
Duma’s
powers: ministers are responsible only to the Czar; the Czar is
able
to rule by decree when Duma is not in session
Czarist Regime.
==May.07 > The Czar installs the
reactionary
nonentity Goremykin as Premier, who chooses a generally mediocre
cabinet
- on May.09, the vigorous Stolypin is offered the Interior Ministry
Press.Czarist
Regime.
==May.09 > A new press law
further increases
government control
Duma.Czarist
Regime.
==May.10-Jul.22 (Apr.27-Jul.09.OS)
> The First Duma meets, dominated by the liberal Kadets - on
May.10,
a frigid reception for the Duma deputies is held in the Winter Palace
by
the Czar and his court
Czarist Regime.
==May.11 > The first session of
reformed
State Council
Diplomacy.
==May.12 > Izvolsky replaces
Lamsdorf
as Russian Foreign Minister
Labor.
==May.14 > May Day in Russia:
widespread
strikes throughout the Empire
Peasant Unrest.
==mid.May to mid.summer > Revived
rural
unrest
Duma.Czarist
Regime.
Relations sour between the First Duma and the Czarist regime:
==May.15-18 > The Duma debates
the reformist
Answer to the Throne - the government considers denouncing the Duma
==May.18 > The Duma unanimously
adopts
the Answer to the Throne, calling for sweeping liberal reform - the
Czar
refuses to directly receive the document
==May.18 > The government press
launches
severe attacks on the Duma - ~Prime Minister Goremykin refuses to
answer
queries on the matter
==May.26 (May.13.OS) > Premier
Goremykin contemptuously rejects the Duma’s demands for democratic
reform
- the outraged Duma calls on the government to resign - the start of
open
struggle between the Duma and the government
==May.27 > The Cabinet decides to
disband
the Duma, with only Izvolsky and Stolypin urging moderation
Duma.Peasants.
==May.21 > The ‘Project of 42’: a
moderate
Kadet land reform bill is introduced
Bolsheviks.
==May.22 > In St. Petersburg,
Lenin makes
his first public speech, in which he denounces the Mensheviks, the
Kadets,
and the Duma
Duma.
==May.31 > A bill is introduced
in the
Duma to abolish capital punishment, triggering angry attacks on the
government
Mutiny.
==May-Jul (OS) > Renewed
wave of
army mutinies
Peasant Unrest.
==Jun.01 > Interior Minister
Stolypin
warns local authorities of rising peasant unrest
Duma.Peasants.
==Jun.01 > The government’s
conservative
proposals for agrarian reform anger the Duma
Far Right.
==Jun.03-10 > The First Congress
of the
influential, reactionary United Nobility
Duma.Peasants.
==Jun.05 > The ‘Project of 104’:
a land
reform bill by the radical Trudovik faction is introduced
==Jun.06 > Trudovik deputies
begin shouting
down government ministers addressing the Duma
European Relations.
==Jun.07 > Britain and Russia
begin detailed
negotiations
Bolsheviks.
==Jun.14 > In an article in Vpered,
Lenin publicly breaks with the Mensheviks over their willingness to
work
with the liberal Kadets in the Duma
Right-wing violence.Jews.
Anti-Semitic excesses:
==Jun.14-16 > Eight hundred Jews
are killed
or injured in a pogrom in Bialystok - troops aid looters and attack
Jewish
self-defense forces
==Jun.15 > The Duma criticizes
the government’s
reaction to the Bialystok pogrom
==Jun.18 > Fifty Jews are killed
in a
pogrom at Staroselts, near Grodno
==Jun.20 > The Czar is funding
anti-Semitic
propaganda
==Jun.21 > Angry debates in the
Duma on
government involvement in anti-Semitic pogroms
==Jul.05 > A Duma committee
concludes
that the bloody Bialystok pogrom was organized by local officials
(see Jul.20)
==Jul.08 > The military command
in Bialystok
commends its troops for “glorious service” in the pogrom of Jun 14
Radicalized Military.
==Jun.15 > Stolypin warns that
Kronstadt
naval base has become a center of revolutionary activity - ~the
government
attempts to counter radical influences among its troops and sailors by
indoctrinating them with right-wing propaganda
Labor.
==mid.Jun to late.Jun > ~A rash
of strikes
erupts throughout Russia
Duma.Peasants.
==Jun.19 > The ‘Project of 33’:
an ultra-radical
land reform bill is introduced
==Jun.23 > In the Duma, the
radical Trudovik
faction resolves to form local committees to politicize the
peasantry
Mutiny.
==Jun.22-23 > The elite
Preobrazhensky
Guards stage a mutiny in St. Petersburg
Duma.Czarist
Regime.
==late.Jun > Liberal leader
Milyukov meets
with Trepov - talks between the government and the Duma to mid Jul; the
brief possibility of a liberal government
==late.Jun > The reactionary
Comptroller
Schwanebach urges the Czar to dissolve the Duma and decree voting
restrictions
Czarist Regime.
==Jun.29 > The start of
persistent rumors
that Goremykin’s government is about to fall
Peasant Unrest.
==Jun.--- (OS) > Rural
unrest is
growing increasingly violent
Bolsheviks.Caucasus.
==Jun.--- > Stalin marries his
first wife
(??? - information about Stalin’s first marriage is uncertain)
Duma.Czarist
Regime.
==Jul.01 > The Czar meets with
the moderate
conservative Shipov and considers forming a coalition government
Mutiny.
==Jul.01-11 > The 7th Cavalry
Reserve
Regiment violently mutinies in Tambov
Duma.Peasants.
==Jul.03 > The Czarist regime
flatly rejects
the compulsory redistribution of land - the Duma is enraged
Duma.Czarist
Regime.
==Jul.03 > The Duma passes a bill
outlawing
capital punishment after furious deliberations - ~the bill stalls in
the
State Council
Left-wing violence.
==Jul.11 > Admiral Chukhnin, the
suppressor
of the Schmidt mutiny, is assassinated in Sebastopol
==Jul.15 > An assassination
attempt is
made on Trepov
Duma.Czarist
Regime.
The fall of the First Duma:
==Jul.17-18 > The Duma passes the
‘Appeal
to the People’ agrarian reform program, in effect calling for the Duma
to assume executive power
==Jul.18 > The Czar abandons any
possibility
of a liberal government
==Jul.19 > The Cabinet secretly
votes
to dissolve the Duma - Milyukov warns of a civil war if the Duma is
dissolved
==Jul.20 (Jul.07.OS) > Stolypin
is chosen to replace Goremykin as Prime Minister - ~Trepov looses
influence
==Jul.20 > The Duma demands that
the instigators
of the Bialystok pogrom be punished and that the government resign
==Jul.21 > Troops are moving into
St.
Petersburg
==Jul.22 (Jul.09.OS) >
Troops occupy
the Tauride Palace [early morning]: the First Duma is
forcibly
dissolved - displays of force by the government throughout Russia -
a radical manifesto by Milyukov and the Kadet leaders calls for civil
disobedience
[morning] - widespread anti-government demonstrations to July 24
==Jul.22.[1100.PM]-Jul.23.[late
afternoon] > A Kadet conference reluctantly adopts the
Vyborg Manifesto
calling for passive resistance - the public response is weak
==Jul.23 > The Peasants’ Union
calls for
civil disobedience
==Jul.24 (Jul.11.OS) > Premier
Stolypin ruthlessly suppresses the liberal Kadet Party: Kadet
headquarters
in St. Petersburg are closed - a purge of Kadet members from government
posts begins - ~the start of waves of arrests of the liberal opposition
==Jul.25 > The RSDRP and the
Trudoviks
call on the military to revolt
==Jul.28 > The Terioki
Conference: the
Kadet leadership begins to retreat from the radical Vyborg Manifesto
Czarist Regime.
==Jul.26 > Stolypin announces
goals of
pacification and social reform in an interview with Reuters
Moderates.Czarist
Regime.
==Jul.28-Aug.02 > Stolypin
attempts to
recruit moderates for his government, but refuses to pledge to enact
any
liberal reforms
Socialist Revolutionaries.
==Jul.29-Aug.10 > The SR
terrorist Savinkov
escapes from prison in Sebastopol and sails to Romania
Unrest.
==Jul.29 > British Ambassador
Nicolson
sees even odds of an imminent “general upheaval...which will sweep away
dynasty, government, and much else.”
Right-wing violence.Liberals.
==Jul.31 > Kadet land reformer
Gertsenshtein
(or Herzenstein) is murdered by the URP - his killers are later
pardoned
by the Czar and investigations into their connections with the right
are
squelched
Far Right.
==summer > Liberal Zemstvos are
passing
into the hands of the conservative gentry - ~the start of a general
swing to the right
Education.Far
Left.
==summer > Universities are
reopened,
with greatly decreased radical activity
Mutiny.
==Aug.01-02 > A naval mutiny at
Kronstadt
is quickly suppressed
==Aug.03 > Mutiny briefly breaks
out on
the cruiser Pamiat Azova off Revel
Labor.Far
Left.
==Aug.03-07 > A general strike
called
by the RSDRP fizzles
Left-wing violence.
==Aug.03 > The Governor of Samara
is blown
up by terrorists
Bolsheviks.Mensheviks.
==Aug.04 > The government arrests
the
St.
Petersburg committee of the RSDRP
Peasant Unrest.
==Aug.14-26 > Intense rural
violence in
the Telav region near Tiflis - the authorities temporarily loose
control
of the area
Left-wing violence.Maximalists.Socialist
Revolutionaries.
The crest of the great wave of left-wing terror:
==Aug.25 (Aug.12.OS) > SR
Maximalists
blow up Stolypin’s home, killing thirty victims - ~the height of
revolutionary
terrorism to 1907
==Aug.26 > The SR assassinates
Min, the
general responsible for crushing the Moscow revolt in Dec.1905
==Aug.27 > The Czar demands harsh
new
anti-terror laws
==late.summer > A Bolshevik
newspaper
urges intensified terrorism
==Sep.01 > Stolypin orders field
courts-martial
for civilians, with immediate sentencing and execution; the decree
provokes
nearly universal outrage - ~a state of emergency has been extended
throughout
most of Russia, as local governments are given extraordinary powers
- ~arrests break up the ultra-left Maximalists into disconnected groups
==Sep.27 > The St. Petersburg SR
terrorist
committee endorses the random assassination of street policemen
Peasants.Czarist
Regime.
==Aug.25 > Land belonging to the
Imperial
family is transferred to the peasants’ land bank for purchase - Stolypin’s
agrarian reform is underway
==Aug.--- (OS) > Rural
unrest begins
to decline
==Sep.09 > State lands are
transferred
to the land bank for purchase by individual peasants
Ethnic.Central
Asia.
==Aug.--- > The Third Moslem
Congress
splits between moderates and radicals
Labor.Business.
==late.summer > Renewed lock-outs
by employers,
and police crack-downs on unions
Ethnic Unrest.Caucasus.
==late.summer > The ‘Dfai’
(Caucasian
Moslem Union) forms, using terror against both Armenians and Russians
Czarist Regime.
==Sep.15 > The death of Czarist
adviser
Trepov - rumors of suicide
Moderates.
==Sep.18 > The Octobrist Party
splits:
Shipov denounces Guchkov’s support of the harsh field courts-martial
law
and leaves the party
Education.
==Sep.--- > The student
inspectorate is
abolished
Bolsheviks.
==Sep.--- (OS) > Lenin is
ready
to end the Bolshevik boycott of the Duma
Labor.Far
Left.Bolsheviks.
==Oct.02-Nov.15 > The St.
Petersburg Soviet
is put on trial - despite strong public support for the accused and a
brilliant
defense by Trotsky, the main defendants are sentenced to life
deportation
to Siberia
Peasants.Siberia.
==Oct.02 > Altai lands in Siberia
are
opened for peasant settlement
Liberals.
==Oct.07-11 > Helsingfors
Conference:
the liberal Kadet Party officially abandons its radical Vyborg
Manifesto
Left-wing violence.
Increasing expropriations (robberies) by the revolutionary left:
==Oct.13 > Lenin openly endorses
mass
expropriations
==late.Oct > ~Revolutionary
assassinations
begin to slacken off, though the number of expropriations continue to
rise
==Oct.27 > SR Maximalists stage a
violent
robbery of 400,000 rubles of state funds in St. Petersburg
==Oct.--- > In the last year,
terrorists
have killed or wounded 3,611 government officials and have committed
1,951
‘expropriations’, seizing about 7 million rubles
==fall > A Maximalist conference
endorses
mass terror rather than individual attacks
==fall > The SR endorses
‘expropriations’
of government funds and weapons
Education.Far
Left.
==Oct.16 > Stolypin reverses the
closure
and partly restores the autonomy of Moscow University, but effectively
isolates it from any revolutionary activity
Peasants.Czarist
Regime.
==Oct.18 (Oct.05.OS) > Most
legal restrictions on peasants as a class are abolished
Socialist Revolutionaries.
==Oct.26 > SR leader Gershuni
escapes
from Siberia
Rasputin.Czarist
Regime.
==Oct.26 > Unaccompanied for the
first
time, Rasputin pays a visit to the Czar and his children - Rasputin
begins to establish a rapport with the Imperial family
Religion.
==Oct.30 > Stolypin ends
restrictions
on the Old Believers and other dissenting sects
Far Right.Czarist
Regime.
==fall > ~ Stolypin’s government
is actively
courting the extreme right
Labor.Far
Left.
==fall > The unemployed movement
declines
in the face of government hostility
Peasants.
==fall > An extremely poor
harvest causes
famine in Russia to 1907
Bolsheviks.Mensheviks.
==Nov.16-30 > The First
All-Russian RSDRP
Conference at Tammerfors - local socialist alliances with liberals are
allowed
Peasants.Czarist
Regime.
==early.Nov > Peasant rights of
land ownership
are recognized
==Nov.22 (Nov.09.OS) > Stolypin’s
main agrarian reform allows the privatization of communal lands - the
rapid
rise of independent farmers - on Nov.28, the land bank is
authorized
to make loans to peasants wanting to leave their communes
European Relations.
==Nov.25 > The French military
attaché
reports that Russian officers believe that Russia is currently “almost
valueless as a military ally against Germany”
Czarist Regime.
==Nov-Dec (OS) > The
Lidval Scandal:
Deputy Interior Minister Gurko is ousted over shady dealings in famine
relief
Left-wing violence.
==late.1906 > ~In the Urals, the
rural
terrorist Lbov band grows powerful
Duma.Czarist
Regime.
==mid.Dec > The government
announces that
the Second Duma will convene on Mar.06 - campaigning soon begins with
the
RSDRP taking part, including the Bolsheviks - strong government
intervention
against the liberal parties
Bolsheviks.
==Dec.19 > Leonid Brezhnev is
born in
Dneprodzerzhinsk in the Ukraine
Jews.Czarist
Regime.
==Dec.23 > Citing his
accountability to
God, the Czar vetoes a proposal to ease laws against the Jews
Religion.Czarist
Regime.
==Dec.25 > The government summons
the
clergy to become active in the elections
Far Right.Czarist
Regime.
==late.Dec > The government is
making
regular, large payoffs to reactionary groups
Liberals.Czarist
Regime.
==Dec.--- > ~The liberal Kadets
applaud
a SR assassination attempt on Admiral Dubasov
Jews.Liberals.
==end.1906 > Russian Zionist
Congress
at Helsingfors - ~Russian Jews are loosing interest in cooperating with
progressives
Czarist Regime.
==1906 > Most corporal punishment
is abolished
Far Left.Baltic.
==1906 > The Estonian Socialist
Party
is established
Bolsheviks.
==1906 > Lenin publishes Imperialism:
The Highest Stage of Capitalism
==1906 > Molotov joins the
Bolsheviks
Economy.
==1906 > Russia is beginning to
recover
from recession
Business.Siberia.
==1906 > The Lena goldfields in
eastern
Siberia begin to turn large profits
Miscellaneous.Central
Asia.
==1906 > The Russian rail link to
Bukhara
in Central Asia is completed, despite local protests that railroads are
satanic - the Tashkent-Orenburg line is also completed, linking
Turkestan
with Russia
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