| 1903
France.Morocco.
==early.Oct > Lyautey arrives to
take
command of the southwestern Algerian frontier - France begins to
adopt
an agressive policy toward Morocco
1904
Germany.Morocco.
==Mar.16 > The Kaiser tells the
King of
Spain: “We do not want any territorial gains in Morocco”, repudiating
Bülow's
earlier attempts to interfere in the Moroccan settlement
Germany.France.Morocco.
==Mar.23 > France informs Germany
of the
impending Anglo-French accord, and pledges that international trade
with
Morocco will remain open - publicly, Germany supports the
settlement
==Mar.30 > German Chancellor
Bülow,
who is secretly angered by the Anglo-French accord, unsuccessfully
urges
the Kaiser to send warships to Tangiers
France.Britain.
==Apr.08 > THE ANGLO-FRENCH
CONVENTION:
within the context of a general colonial settlement, Britain
gives
France a free hand in Morocco and France pledges to respect Spanish
interests in the region - BRITAIN AND FRANCE BEGIN TO ALIGN; THE
START
OF ENTENTE CORDIAL
Germany.France.Spain.
==late.Apr. to Jul. > Bülow
quietly
attempts to interfere in French-Spanish talks on Morocco
Britain.Morocco.
==Apr.27 > Britain drops any
claims to
southern Morocco (Western Sahara) on the understanding that much of the
region will be ceded to Spain
United States.Morocco.
The Pedicaris Affair:
==May.18 > The Raisuni, a Berber
chieftain,
kidnaps the supposed US citizen Pedicaris from Tangiers and demands
$70,000
in ransom and extensive political powers
==May.20 > Six American heavy
cruisers
and the British battleship HMS Prince of Wales are ordered to
Tangiers
- the Raisuni is not impressed
==Jun.22 > The American
government sends
the dramatic cable “We want Pedicaris alive or Raisuni dead.” (note
that
it's an election year in the US)
==Jun.25 > Pedicaris is released
after
the Raisuni’s demands are met - the Raisuni becomes caid of
Tangiers
France.Morocco.
==May.23 > The Sultan of Morocco
agrees
to French terms for a loan; France quickly gains partial control of
customs
revenue - ~rising French dominance of Morocco
Germany.Britain.
==May.31 > Bülow proposes
that Britain
and Germany jointly back Spain against France in Morocco - the proposal
is ignored by Britain
Germany.France.
==Jun.03 > Foreign policy adviser
Holstein
suggests that Germany force a crisis with France: “Germany must
object...
to maintain her prestige... If we let our toes be trodden on in Morocco
without saying a word we encourage others to do the same
elsewhere.”
France.Spain.Morocco.
==Oct.03 > A Franco-Spanish
Moroccan convention,
favorable to France, establishes spheres of influence - Moroccan
issues
are seemingly settled
Germany.France.Morocco.
==Nov.28 > The German consul in
Morocco
warns that the French are establishing a protectorate
France.Morocco.
==Dec.15 > The Taillandier
Mission to
Fez is instructed to propose ‘reforms’ that would make Morocco a French
protectorate, including control of the police and the banking system
January-March
1905
Germany.France.Morocco.
==Jan.--- > A French mission is
sent to
Fez - Germany is alarmed; Bülow offers German support to the
Sultan
of Morocco
Germany.Morocco..
==mid.Feb > A German cruiser is
sent to
Tangiers: German Moroccan policy is growing more assertive
France.Morocco.
==Feb.21 > France demands control
of the
Moroccan army, police and customs
==Feb.22 > The Sultan defiantly
convenes
a conference of notables to review the French demands
Germany.United
States.
==Feb.24 > Bülow begins
futile attempts
to enlist Roosevelt’s support over Morocco
Germany.France.Morocco.
==Mar.10 > Germany sends a note
to the
Sultan of Morocco implying support against French demands
==Mar.20 > The Kaiser's impending
visit
to Tangiers is announced - there is immediate opposition in the French
and British press (or Mar.19)
==Mar.26 > Bülow encourages
the Kaiser’s
visit to Tangiers and urges him to declare German support for Moroccan
independence
==Mar.31 > The Kaiser visits
the Sultan
of Morocco in Tangiers, in effect denying French claims in the
region
- THE FIRST MOROCCAN CRISIS to Apr 1906, engineered by
Holstein,
with the possible intent of provoking a preventive war against France -
RECURRENT EUROPEAN CRISES TO 1914
April
1905
Germany.
==Apr.01 > The German deployment
plan
(in effect until Apr.01.1906) calls for massing two-thirds of the
German
Army on the Belgian border, with 36 German Corps to oppose 21 French -
no forces are allotted to the Russian front
Germany.Morocco..
==Apr.01 > Germany announces that
the
Kaiser's visit to Tangiers was to show his commitment to Moroccan
independence
Germany.United
States.
==Apr.03-13 > Germany renews
attempts
to gain Roosevelt’s support in the growing Moroccan crisis
Germany.France.Italy.
==early.Apr > In almost
threatening notes,
both Germany and France demand Italian support in the Moroccan
Crisis
France.Morocco.
==Apr.09 > France warns the
Sultan against
accepting the German proposals for an international conference on
Morocco
Italy.Germany.
==Apr.12 > Italy declines to back
Germany
over Morocco, despite German threats to break the Triple Alliance
France.
==Apr.19 > The French Parliament
attacks
Foreign Minister Delcassé for not consulting with Germany on
Morocco
- French public opinion is folding under German pressure - Prime
Minister
Rouvier temporarily refuses Delcassé’s offer of
resignation
United States.Germany.Britain.
==Apr.20 > Roosevelt makes a
half-hearted
offer to mediate the Anglo-German differences on Morocco - ~the
proposal
is dropped when Britain fails to respond
Britain.France.
==Apr.22-25 > Britain informs
France it
will strongly oppose any German demands for access to a Moroccan
port
France.Germany.
==Apr.26 > French Prime Minister
Rouvier
emotionally appeals to the German ambassador, saying that the French
people
much prefer Germany over Britain, and offering to dump Foreign Minister
Delcassé - Delcassé soon learns of the meeting through
intercepts
- Germany ignores Rouvier's conciliatory overtures through May
Germany.
==Apr.26 > The semi-official
German newspaper Kreuzzeitung hints at war
France.
==Apr.27 > Panic in the Paris
stock exchange
France.Britain.
==Apr.30 > Anglo-French military
conversations
May 1905
Germany.Britain.
==May.01 > The German Ambassador
in London
warns that if war breaks out, Britain will “go against Germany, even
with
enthusiasm.”
Britain.France.
==May.01-05 > Edward VII visits
Paris,
unsuccessfully encouraging the badly shaken French to take a tough line
against Germany
Germany.Britain.
==May.05 > Bülow writes to
Holstein
that Britain is trying to provoke a war between France and Germany
Russia.France.
==May.05 > The French Ambassador
to St.
Petersburg reports that Russia is disinclined to aid France in the
Moroccan
crisis
Germany.
==May.06 > Bülow is
confident that
neither Britain nor Russia will oppose Germany in a war with France
France.Britain.
==May.08 > French Premier Rouvier
tells
the German Ambassador that he doesn’t expect Britain to militarily back
France
United States.Germany.
==May.13 > Roosevelt comments on
the Kaiser
to a British diplomat: he “...is altogether too jumpy, too volatile in
his policies... I should never dream of counting on his friendship for
this country.”
Germany.Morocco.
==May.13 > The German Tattenbach
mission
arrives in Fez
Germany.France.
==May.16 > Germany demands that
France
dismiss Foreign Minister Delcassé
Britain.France.
==May.17 > British Foreign
Secretary Lansdowne
sends a note to France supporting full mutual consultation but
declining
any formal commitment by Britain
Britain.Germany.
==May.22 > Royal Navy commander
Admiral
Fisher urges an immediate Anglo-French naval attack on Germany
Britain.France.
==May.25 > Lansdowne suggests
secret contingency
planning to France, but again declines a formal commitment
Germany.France.
==May.27 > The French War
Minister estimates
that Germany will not be ready for war until June 1906
Morocco.
==May.28 > The Sultan of Morocco
rejects
French proposals for internal reform - with German support, he calls
for
an international conference
France.Britain.
==May.30 > Delcassé tells
Britain
he’s ready for unrestricted talks
June
1905
Germany.France.
==Jun.04 > Through Italy,
Bülow explicitly
threatens France with war if French troops intervene in Morocco - the
threat
is almost certainly a bluff
France.Germany.Britain.
==Jun.06 > French Foreign
Minister
Delcassé is ousted at German insistence by Prime Minister
Rouvier,
who becomes Foreign Minister - the end of the immediate threat of
war,
the high point of German success in the First Moroccan Crisis -
Britain
is disgusted
Germany.France.
==Jun.06 > Upon the fall of
Delcassé,
the Kaiser tells a French general that Germany would on no account
fight
France over Morocco
Germany.International.
==Jun.06 > A German circular note
invites
the powers to a conference on Morocco
Britain.France.
==Jun.08 > British Prime Minister
Balfour
informs Edward VII that he no longer regards France as reliable - ~the
Anglo-French entente is briefly near collapse
Germany.France.
==Jun.10 > Germany bluntly warns
France
not to change Morocco’s status - ~the exasperated French begin to
toughen
towards Germany
Germany.United
States.
==Jun.11 > The Kaiser urges
Roosevelt
to prevent a British combination with France in a possible war over
Morocco
Germany.Spain.
==Jun.11 > Germany demands the
dismissal
of the Spanish Foreign Minister
France.Germany.
==Jun.21 > A French note
(supported by
America and Britain) urges a Franco-German accord before any conference
on Morocco - the German response is hostile
Germany.United
States.
==Jun.28 > The German Ambassador
mis-speaks
himself and tells an astonished Roosevelt that the Kaiser will accept
any
American decisions at the Morocco Conference
July-December
1905
France.Germany.Britain.
==Jul.01-08 > France agrees
to a conference
on Morocco, only after Germany recognizes a special French role in
the region - ~French opposition to Germany and ties to Britain are
strengthening
==Jul.22 > The German ambassador
to London
again warns that Britain will go to war to keep French friendship and
to
prevent German hegemony in Europe
Germany.France.
==Jul.25 > Believing the Moroccan
Crisis
to be over, the Kaiser says “We shall be good friends with the Gauls”
United States.Germany.France.
==Aug.23 > Roosevelt tells his
delegate
to the Algeciras Conference that he favors France, though he desires
good
relations with Germany
France.Spain.
==Sep.01 > A secret
Franco-Spanish accord
on Morocco ensures that Spain will align with France at the
international
conference
Germany.France.
==Sep.28 > After frustrating
negotiations,
France and Germany agree on the agenda for the Morocco conference,
thanks
to intervention from the Russian Count Witte
Germany.
==Sep.--- > Probably encouraged
by Holstein,
the German General Staff still sees war as a real possibility, but it
is
confident
France.Britain.
==Oct.15 > Former French Foreign
Minister
Delcassé tells the newspaper Le Matin that Britain has
promised
it will land 100,000 men in Schleswig if Germany attacks France - the
assertion
is strongly denied by Britain
==Nov.18 > The French military
attaché
reports that British military intervention in Europe is unlikely to be
effective
Morocco.International.
==Dec.01 > The Sultan of Morocco
formally
asks concerned nations to attend an international conference on Morocco
(or Jul.31)
France.Britain.
==Dec.15 > Unauthorized
British-French
military talks are held to May.1906
Germany.Britain.
==Dec.23 > Worried by growing
British
hostility, Holstein warns that Germany must quickly try to improve
relations
- he is ignored
Germany.France.
==Dec.25 > Bülow prefers war
to a
French diplomatic victory over Morocco, but he neglects military
preparations
France.Britain.
==Dec.28 > The French embassy in
London
approaches the influential Times military reporter Reppington
with
questions on British intentions in the event of war - the origins of
serious
Anglo-French military talks
France.Russia.
==Dec.--- > The Russian Kokovtsov
mission
is sent to secure a French loan - France makes any loan dependent on
Russian
support at the Morocco conference
January
1906
Germany.
==Jan.01 > In his New Year’s
address to
his generals, the Kaiser states categorically that Germany will not go
to war over Morocco
Britain.Germany.France.
==Jan.03 > Foreign Secretary Grey
informs
Germany that any British government would help France in a war with
Germany
- ~Britain begins to suspect that Germany is seeking hegemony, and
takes
a firmer line in backing France
France.Britain.
==early.Jan > A semi-official
meeting
is held between the French military attaché to London and the
British
Chief of Staff
Britain.
==Jan.08 > In a meeting with
Grey, War
Secretary Haldane is alerted to the possibility of British involvement
in defending France against a German attack - ~Haldane decides on the
main
outlines of his British army reforms
Britain.Germany.France.
==Jan.09 > Grey notes signs of
German
preparations for war against France in the spring - French
apprehension
Britain.France.
==Jan.10 > Grey is unable to tell
France
whether Britain would support her if she were attacked, but agrees to
unofficially
authorize military talks between the two countries
Britain.
==Jan.13 > The Committee for
Imperial
Defense holds its first discussions on shipping British troops to
France
in the event of war
International.
==Jan.16-Apr.07 > The
international
Algeciras Conference on Morocco
France.Britain.
==Jan.17 > Secret
Anglo-French military
staff talks begin on sending a British expeditionary force - the
talks
are hidden from the British Cabinet until 1911 - ~the British plan for
landing in northern Germany is rejected
Belgium.Britain.
==Jan.18-late.Apr > Anglo-Belgian
military
staff talks
Britain.Germany.
==Jan.23 > Edward VII proposes to
Germany
to mediate the Moroccan crisis
Britain.France.
==Jan.26 > British Prime Minister
Campbell-Bannerman
approves the Anglo-French staff talks
==Jan.31 > Grey meets with the
French
ambassador: he is unable to promise an alliance, and warns that British
public opinion might prevent support for France in a war - Grey
secretly
officially authorizes Anglo-French staff talks on the condition that
they
don’t commit Britain to enter a war
February
1906
United States.Germany.
==early.Feb > Theodore Roosevelt
is growing
suspicious of German intentions
Russia.France.
==early.Feb > Russia pledges full
support
to France at the Algeciras Conference
Germany.Britain.
==Feb.05 > The Kaiser flatly
rejects Edward
VII's mediation offer on Morocco
Germany.International.
==mid.Feb > The Algeciras
Conference is
close to collapse over the stubborn German stand on the issue of the
Moroccan
police
Britain.
==Feb.20 > Grey speculates: “If
there
is war between France and Germany, it will be very difficult for us to
keep out of it.”
March-April
1906
Britain.
==Mar.01 > The combined British
Atlantic
and Mediterranean fleets assemble at Gibraltar, within sight of the
Algeciras
Conference.
Germany.International.
==Mar.03 > Germany is isolated at
the
Algeciras with only Austria and Morocco as allies - Holstein is enraged
and wants to threaten war, but he is sent home
United States.Germany.
==Mar.07 > On the basis of the
inadvertent
German promise of Jun.28.1905 to accept any American proposals on
Morocco,
Roosevelt requests that Germany agree to the French position
Germany.International.
==Mar.08-27 > Germany grudgingly
retreats
before international pressure at Algeciras
Britain.France.
==Mar.16 > Britain assures France
of its
full support at Algeciras
Germany.United
States.
==Mar.19 > Under pressure from
Roosevelt,
Germany grudgingly accepts the pro-French American ‘compromise’ plan on
Morocco
International.
==Mar.31 > Agreement is reached
at the
Algeciras Conference
Germany.
==Apr.06 > The fall of
influential
German foreign policy adviser Holstein, secretly engineered by
Chancellor
Bülow
International.
==Apr.07 > The final Act of
Algeciras
is signed: the powers recognize a special French role in Morocco - the
end of the First Moroccan Crisis - the Anglo-French entente is
strengthened,
while Anglo-German hostility is entrenched - Germany begins to fear
encirclement
- ~THE ARMIES OF THE EUROPEAN POWERS BEGIN SERIOUS PREPARATIONS FOR A
GENERAL
WAR
May-December
1906
France.Morocco.
==May.27 > The Frenchman
Charbonnier is
murdered near Tangiers - ~France increases its pressure on the Sultan
of
Morocco
==Jun.18 > France forces the
Sultan of
Morocco to sign the Act of Algeciras
==Jul.04 > The Sultan of Morocco
is compelled
to pay compensation for the Charbonnier murder
United States.International.
==Dec.12 > The US Senate approves
the
Treaty of Algeciras after appending a statement opposing American
involvement
in European affairs
1907
Germany.France.
==Mar.15 > French Premier
Clemenceau tells
the German ambassador that Morocco leaves him “completely
indifferent”
France.Morocco.
==Aug.05 > A French warship
unexpectedly
shells Casablanca - chaos erupts in the city for two weeks - central
Morocco
is destabilized
Morocco.
==Aug.16-Aug.1908 > Dynastic
civil war
in Morocco
France.Morocco.
==Aug.18-Mar.1908 > The French
Chaouia
Campaign in central Morocco
==Nov.07-late.Dec > The French
suppress
the Beni Snassen Revolt in northeast Morocco
1908
France.Morocco.
==Apr.17-Sep > The French
suppress a large
tribal revolt in southeast Morocco
Morocco.
==Aug.19 Hafid defeats Aziz
and
soon replaces him as Sultan of Morocco
Germany.France.Spain.Morocco.
==Sep.03 > Germany recognizes
Hafid as
the Sultan of Morocco, causing tense relations with France - ~Spain
recognizes
Hafid
France.Germany.
==Sep.25 > The Casablanca
Affair:
French authorities seize German deserters from the French Foreign
Legion
while they are being escorted by the German consul - minor
French-German
crisis
==Nov.24 > France and Germany
agree to
submit the ‘Casablanca Affair’ dispute to the Hague Tribunal, ending
the
crisis
1909
Germany.France.
==Jan.06 > Germany proposes an
agreement
on Morocco to France
==Feb.08 > Franco-German
accord on
Morocco - Germany recognizes a special French interest in Morocco
in
return for economic concessions (or Feb.09) - a brief thaw between
the
two powers
Spain.Morocco.
==Jul.09-1923 > Spain is bogged
down in
the Riff Wars in northeast Morocco
Germany.France.Morocco.
==1909 > German firms are
established
to exploit Morocco - France proves to be uncooperative
1910
France.Morocco.
==May.13 > French loan to the
Sultan - France secures total financial control of Morocco,
gaining
complete
control of customs revenues and many local taxes
Spain.Morocco.
==Nov.--- > A Spanish treaty with
the
Sultan of Morocco provides for Spanish rule in the occupied zone around
Melilla in northeast Morocco
Germany.France.
==Nov.--- > A French cruiser
visits Agadir
in southern Morocco - the German press is infuriated
January-March
1911
Morocco.
==Mar.12-May.18 > Fez is suddenly
besieged
by Moroccan tribal rebels
Germany.France.Morocco.
==Mar.13 > German Foreign
Minister Kiderlen
warns France against taking military action in Morocco
April
1911
France.Morocco.
==Apr.02 > The French consul in
Fez begins
urging direct French intervention to relieve Fez and to impose a
protectorate
on Morocco
Germany.France.Morocco.
==Apr.05 > France informs
Kiderlen that
it intends to occupy Rabat and march on Fez - Kiderlen hints at a need
for German compensation
France.Morocco.
==Apr.23 > The French cabinet
approves
military intervention in Morocco to relieve Fez
Germany.France.Morocco.
==Apr.28 > France announces that
it must
occupy Fez - Germany warns that this will abrogate the Act of
Algeciras
May 1911
Germany.Morocco..
==May.03 > Foreign Minister
Kiderlen advocates
German intervention in Morocco to offset domestic pressure from the
left
France.Morocco.
==May.04 > The Sultan requests
French
intervention in Morocco
France.
==May.21 > An accident at a
French air
show maims Premier Monis and kills the War Minister, leaving the
government
in disarray
Germany.France.Morocco.
==May.21 > The French relief
force reaches
Fez - Germany plans to extract the maximum compensation from French
Germany.Morocco..
==May.30 > The German Foreign
Office recommends
that Berlin provoke a crisis in south Morocco and occupy the region to
protect German citizens… though there are no German citizens in south
Morocco
June
1911
France.Morocco.
==Jun.10 > France takes Meknes,
clearly
exceeding the Act of Algeciras
Germany.France.
==Jun.15 > French Foreign
Minister Cruppi
tells the German ambassador that France is ready for talks on a
colonial
settlement
Germany.France.Morocco.
==Jun.20-21 > Kiderlen and the
French
ambassador conduct talks on Morocco - Kiderlen blatantly demands
compensation,
saying “bring us back something from Paris”
Germany.Morocco..
==Jun.21 > German business firms
petition
for German government protection in south Morocco - after being ordered
to do so by the German government
==Jun.26 > At Kiderlen’s
insistence, the
Kaiser reluctantly agrees to send the gunboat Panther to Agadir
in south Morocco
July
1911
Germany.International.
==Jul.01 > The German gunboat
Panther
arrives off Agadir in southern Morocco - THE SECOND MOROCCAN CRISIS to
Nov - ~RISING TEMPO OF INTERNATIONAL CRISES TO WWI
France.Britain.Germany.
==Jul.01 > The Foreign Ministers
of Britain
and France both favor sending warships to Agadir in a show of strength
against Germany
==Jul.04 > The British and French
governments
refuse to consider sending warships to Agadir despite their Foreign
Ministers’
advice
Britain.Germany.
==Jul.04 > Britain warns Germany
against
unilaterally imposing a Moroccan settlement on France - Germany ignores
the warning
Germany.Morocco..
==Jul.04 > After having to make a
long
journey to get there, an ‘endangered’ German citizen finally arrives in
Agadir to be ‘rescued’ by the German Navy
France.Germany.
==Jul.06 > France decides to hold
talks
with Germany
==Jul.08 > France offers Germany
compensation
in central Africa
==Jul.09 > Franco-German talks
begin -
German Foreign Minister Kiderlen refuses to reveal his intentions
Russia.Germany.
==Jul.10 > Russia notifies
Germany that
it supports France in the Moroccan Crisis
Britain.Germany.
==Jul.11 > The British government
learns
of the heavy demands Germany is making on France - Foreign Secretary
Grey
urges a tough line against Germany, but the Cabinet balks
Britain.France.
==Jul.11 > Without authorization,
British
Ambassador Bertie tells France that Britain won’t allow the German
seizure
of Agadir
Germany.France.
==Jul.15 > Kiderlen demands the
French
Congo in compensation for German interests in Morocco - France is
shocked
Britain.Germany.France.
==Jul.18 > The influential
British Foreign
Office official Eyre Crowe minutes that German success in the Moroccan
Crisis “...will mean definitely the subjugation of France”
Britain.Germany.
==Jul.20 > The London Times
prints
Germany’s sweeping demands on France - British public opinion grows
strongly
anti-German
Britain.France.
==Jul.20 > The Dubail-Wilson
Agreement:
without authorization, an Anglo-French military conference settles the
details of military cooperation - British General Wilson pledges a
150,000-man
BEF, to be ready for action on the thirteenth day of war
Britain.Germany.
==Jul.21 > The exasperated,
normally pro-German Lloyd George’s Mansion House Speech threatens
Germany and
strongly supports
France - Germany reacts bitterly
==Jul.21 > The London Times
ominously
reports that the German High Seas Fleet has sailed and “vanished into
the
desolate wastes of the North Sea”
==Jul.21 > British Foreign
Secretary Grey
reopens with Germany the question of partitioning the Portugese
Empire
==Jul.25 > Tense meeting of
British Foreign
Secretary Grey and German Ambassador Metternich - Grey warns Churchill
that the German fleet could attack at any time; the Royal Navy is put
on
alert, but it is unprepared, with key personnel on holiday - sharp
fears
of war between Britain and Germany to Jul.27
France.Germany.
==Jul.25 > French Prime Minister
Caillaux
opens secret talks with Germany, without informing his Cabinet
Britain.Germany.
==Jul.26 > The British Atlantic
Fleet
is ordered to the English Channel instead of Norway, to be closer to
Morocco
==Jul.27 > Germany turns
conciliatory
to Britain - Asquith makes a soothing speech in Commons - the sharp
Anglo-German
crisis is temporarily defused
France.Germany.
==Jul.28 > French Foreign
Minister Selves
accuses Premier Caillaux of negotiating behind the government’s back,
with
evidence from intercepted German messages - ~Caillaux stupidly reveals
to Germany that their codes have been broken
International.
==Jul.28 > The Bureau of the
socialist
Second International fails to act against the Moroccan Crisis, despite
years of anti-war rhetoric
Germany.
==Jul.--- > German right-wing and
moderate
parties are responding enthusiastically to the Moroccan crisis
Britain.
==Jul.--- > Asquith appoints the
energetic
Churchill to the Cabinet’s Committee of Imperial Defense
Britain.France.
==summer > Desultory Anglo-French
naval
talks accomplish little
August
1911
Germany.
==mid.Aug > Kiderlen is loosing
control
of the popular response to the Moroccan crisis - rising German war
fever
to early Sep - ~rise of German right-wing militarism
Germany.France.
==Aug.16 > France and Germany
announce
that the situation is “grave”
==Aug.18 > Franco-German talks
are suspended
to Sep.01
Germany.
==Aug.20 > German Foreign
Minister Kiderlen
leaves for a ‘holiday’
Britain.
==Aug.23 > The Committee for
Imperial
Defense reviews British war plans: compared to the detailed planning by
the Army, the Royal Navy’s plans are ‘puerile’
Spain.Morocco.
==Aug.24-May.1912 > The Spanish
Riff War
revives
Germany.
==Aug.26 > The right-wing German Post
writes that war would clarify “our precarious (foreign) political
position”
as well as “curing...many political and social ills”
==Aug.27 > Speaking in Hamburg,
the Kaiser
says that the German fleet must be strengthened to ensure “the place in
the sun to which we are entitled” (or Aug.21)
Britain.France.
==Aug.28 > Grey warns French
Ambassador
Cambon that Britain will demand an international conference if
Franco-German
talks break down
Russia.France.
==Aug.29 > Russia is sending
ambiguous,
contradictory statements on whether it would back France with military
force in the event of a war over Morocco
September-December
1911
France.Germany.
==Sep.01 > Scheduled
Franco-German talks
are postponed - ~renewed war scare
Britain.Germany.
==Sep.02 > The Royal Navy is
alerted that
the German fleet has concentrated at Kiel
Britain.
==Sep.11 > Lloyd George is “quite
in favor
of war now”
Germany.France.
==Oct.11 > The preliminary draft
of the
Moroccan Convention - Kiderlen is compelled to recognize a de facto
French protectorate over Morocco
==Oct.22 > Germany is to be
compensated
for Morocco with territory in the Cameroons in West Africa
==Nov.04 > Treaty of Berlin:
the Franco-German
accord resolves the Second Moroccan Crisis - Germany receives minor
compensation
in west central Africa in return for recognizing French control of
Morocco
- the German military and the right-wing are humiliated - strong
revival
of French confidence
1912
France.Morocco.
==Mar.30 > Sultan Hafid
reluctantly signs
the Treaty of Fez - Morocco becomes a French protectorate:
France
controls the foreign policy, the finances, the army and the
administration
of Morocco
==May.24 > The aggressive Lyautey
arrives
in Fez as the Resident-General
==May.25-Jun.01 > The second
siege of
Fez, by Moroccan tribesmen, is crushed by French forces
Morocco.
==Aug.12 > Sultan Hafid abdicates
in favor
of his brother and sails for France
France.Morocco.
==Sep.06-07 > French troops crush
the
revolt by el Hiba, take Marrakech, and secure southern Morocco
France.Spain.Morocco.
==Nov.27 > A final Franco-Spanish
accord
demarcates their Moroccan zones, quite unfavorably for Spain - Tangiers
is declared an ‘international city’
1913
Spain.Morocco.
==Jun.--- > Berber chieftain El
Raisuni
revolts in western Spanish Morocco
1914
France.Morocco.
==May.10-16 > General Lyautey
launches
converging offensives from eastern and western Morocco - France has
secured
the Maghrib across all of northwest Africa
==Jun.10-Aug.20 > French forces
largely
conquer the Zaer region east of Casablanca - they suffer a severe
defeat
in the area on Nov.13, but otherwise the French conquest of Morocco
is virtually complete
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